从陆神到海神:妈祖文化的工作世界源流与嬗变

From a Land Deity to an Ocean Deity:Mazu Culture's Work-World Origin and Its Evolvement

妈祖作为一个神明,并非一开始就是海神,而是经历了从陆神到海神的变迁过程;妈祖文化作为海洋文化的独立范式,并非一开始就是海洋文化,而是循着先大陆后海洋的历史逻辑行进。而妈祖神明从陆神到海神的变迁和妈祖文化从大陆文化到海洋文化的嬗变都是在一定工作世界的源流中实现的。妈祖文化作为闽南海洋文化的独立范式起始于宋代莆田圣墩妈祖文化的大陆文化生态,成就于明清时期移民化和普遍世界化的妈祖文化存在。妈祖文化总体是海洋生活世界文化,本质是海洋工作世界文化。工作创造、工作创世精神是妈祖文化的根本精神,妈祖信仰的本质是民众对自己生活世界特别是工作世界意义的信念、信仰和追寻。

MaZu was not an ocean deity at the very beginning of its emergence; it experienced a process of transforming from a land goddess to an ocean goddess. As an independent oceanic culture pattern, Mazu culture was not oceanic at the very beginning. It followed its historical logic, emerging on the land and then thriving on the sea. The changing of Mazu＇s character and the transformation of Mazu culture＇s pattern from land to the ocean originated from their specific work-world being. Mazu culture, as an independent oceanic culture pattern, began with the Putian Mazu cultural ecology in Song dynasty and then deveploped as an immigrant and world-wide cultural being in Qing dynasty. In general, Mazu culture is an oceanic life-world culture, and in essence, an oceanic work-world culture. Its basic spirit is that of work-creativity and work-creation, with the essences of Mazu religion people＇s faith, belief and pursuit of the specific meaning of their own work-world being.