陕西米脂官庄汉墓射鸟画像试探——也论汉代的射鸟画像

On the Bird-shooting Scene in the Stone Relief Found at Guanzhuang in Mizhi, Shaanxi——Also on the Bird-shooting Motif of the Han Dynasty

陕西米脂官庄汉画像石墓中的射鸟画像为后羿射日的表现,其下的平台为昆仑,汉代后羿传说与昆仑、西王母传说也密切关系,其在墓葬中的意义自然也与对昆仑、西王母的信仰有关。汉代的射鸟画像至少可以分为后羿射日、射侯射爵、射猎娱乐和射猎生产四类,每类图像在具体因素和画像组合上都各有特点。在汉画像的研究中应该注意对画像组合和画像场景的考察。

The bird-shooting scene in the stone relief found in the tomb of the Han Dynasty at Guanzhuang in Mizhi County, Shaanxi represented the legend of Hou Yi shooting the suns; the platform on which he stood was the Kunlun Mountains. In the Han Dynasty, the legend ofHou Yi and that of the Kunlun Mountains and Xiwangmu （Queen Mother of the West） also had close relationships, so the meaning of the appearance of his figure in the burials would be related to the beliefs of Kunlun Mountains and Xiwangmu. The bird-shooting motifs in the Han Dynasty can be at least classified into four types, namely Hou Yi shooting the suns, archery training （symbolizing getting high ranks）, shooting birds as entertainment and hunting birds as subsistence, each of which had characteristics in concrete elements and compositions. In the studies on the stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty, the compositions and backgrounds of the scenes should be closely observed.