赤峰北部辽代窑址出土陶瓷残片及窑具的成分分析

Scientific Analysis of the Ceramic and Kiln-furniture Shards Unearthed from the Kiln Sites of Liao Dynasty in the North of Chifeng City

一、前言随着辽代主要窑址如北京龙泉务窑、赤峰缸瓦窑等的考古调查和发掘,辽代陶瓷的考古学研究已经有较大的进展。辽代陶瓷最有特色的是契丹形式的各类陶瓷制品,包括鸡冠壶、鸡腿瓶等特殊形制的器物,这些器物在中原所见甚少,而以辽国所产种类最为丰富、形制最为特殊。辽陶瓷的另一特点是生产大量白釉器、白釉绿彩器以及三彩等釉陶器物,这些器物占窑址产品的比重较高。

Twelve ceramic and kiln-furniture shards unearthed from the four kiln sites of Liao dynasty (辽代) in the north of Chifeng(赤峰) city were chemically analyzed using LA-ICP-AES method.The results suggest that two kinds of glazes were applied on these ceramics,one was high-fired calcareous glaze and the other was low-fired lead glaze.The ceramic bodies can be divided into two types also,one is made of calcareous clay and the other is made of clay with high alumina content.In addition,the only ware with high-fired glaze was made of high alumina clay,other wares with low-fired lead glazes were all made of calcareous clays.The results also indicate that the ceramic making of Liao dynasty had been influenced by the ceramic technology from the north of Northern Song Dynasty(北宋) and the Near East or Central Asia simultaneously. According to the statistical analysis,the ceramic bodies and kiln-furniture wares from the same kiln site have the similar chemical compositions,which indicates that the raw materials of these four kiln sites were all local provenances.