阿根廷分配不公问题:民众主义再诠释

Income Inequality in Argentina:Re-interpreting Populism

从根本上讲,阿根廷收入分配不公问题具有深厚的历史和文化基础,其中民众主义的长期存在是一个重要原因。其表现为:一是面对社会问题,总会出现一个至高无上并受到广泛崇拜的政治人物,无论执政与否,都在党内占据主导地位;二是具有极强的民族主义色彩,一旦经济增长和社会稳定出现问题,就会把矛头指向外部因素,而无视自身问题;三是具有极强的群众运动色彩,在经济权利出现改变的时候,人们更重视自身的政治权利,而对社会权利要求或重视不够;四是对政府的要求和信任强过对市场的尊重,表现出极强的国家主义色彩;五是经济发展模式服从政治倾向。因此,民众主义通过以下三个途径导致收入分配不公:民众主义导致的经济停滞使收入分配长期趋于恶化;民众主义采取的经济发展战略使贫困问题日益严重;民众主义对社会权利的漠视导致分配结构代际固化。

Income inequality in Argentina,in essence,has a profound and solid historical and cultural basis,with the long existence of populism being a main cause.First,personality cult is more prevalent in the country where people always welcome a political figure that is paramount and widely admired when social problems emerge.Second,nationalism is the most widely-shared value in the country where the economic recession or social unrest are attributed to external factors while their own problems are ignored.Third,mass movement is very popular in the country where,when their economic rights change,people pay more attention to their own political rights while ignoring their social rights.Fourth,nationalism has been widely recognized in the country where people are more willing to believe in the government,not the market.Fifth,the economic development model is subject to political purposes.As a result,the populism leads to income inequality in three ways:economic stagnation caused by populism worsens income distribution,the economic development strategy adopted by the populists makes poverty increasingly serious,and inter-generational income distribution deteriorates because of ignorance of social rights by the populists.