论萨特自由观的本体论内涵——从人为性和超越性角度剖析萨特的自由观

Connotation of Sartre's Ontology of Freedom——Analyzing Sartre's View of Freedom in Artificiality and Transcendence

自由这个概念在萨特的存在主义思想体系中处于核心的地位。萨特在探讨人的存在与世界的根本关系这个核心问题的过程中阐释了人的存在——自由。在萨特看来,焦虑的产生在于自由就是人的存在,人没有固有的本质,但却固有着自由。自由是在人的选择中实现的,即使遇到各种处境,也不会阻止人的自由,因为在处境中人是绝对自由的,而无论人是以人为性的方式存在着,还是以超越性的方式存在着,人的存在都是自由的。人的自由是先天的,人无法逃脱自由,自由在萨特这里被上升到本体论的意义。

The concept of freedom is the core of Sartre＇ s system of existentialism. The relation between being-in-itself and being-for-itself is the essential issue in Sartre＇ s theory of phi- losophy, and with the process of discussing about the relation, Sartre illustrates his theory of freedom. In Sartre＇ s view ,the generation of anxiety is that freedom is the existence of human ; that is human does not have inherent essence, but we have inherent freedom. Man realizes freedom by making choice. In other words, though there are various situations, man is still free. No matter we exist in artificiality or transcendence, we are free. The freedom is innate. You cannot even avoid freedom. Therefore Sartre＇ s freedom is considered from the perspective of ontology.