电化学储能基本问题综述

A Review on Electrochemical Energy Storage

储能是能源、信息、交通、医疗、航空航天、先进制造、先进装备、国家安全等领域的关键支撑技术.电化学储能技术应用广泛,不断发展.本文小结了电化学储能技术中的储能原理、技术指标、技术成熟度.从基础科学的角度,主要以锂离子电池为例,简述了电化学储能器件中非传统电化学问题,包括热力学、动力学、尺寸效应、非对称体系、非对称充放电反应路径、表面现象、混合离子输运、固态电池等.最后,对未来的电化学储能技术的发展提出了个人的理解.

Energy storage is a critical supporting technology in many fields such as energy, information, transportation, and healthcare, aerospace, advanced manufacture, advanced equipment, national security. Electrochemical energy storage technique has been widely applied and is developing continuously. In this article, the energy storage mechanism, technical indicators and technology ready level in electrochemical energy storage are summarized. Mainly based on lithium ion batteries, untraditional electrochemical issues in electrochemical energy storage devices are described from the perspective of fundamental science. These issues deal mainly with thermodynamics, kinetics, size effect, asymmetric system, asymmetric reaction path, surface phenomenon, hybrid ion transportation, and solid state battery. Finally, some suggestions concerning future developments in electrochemical energy storage technology are provided.