我国男子跳远运动员三维踏跳力量的分析

3-D Analysis on the Take-Off Force of Male Long Jumpers of China

本研究采用瑞士产kistler三维测力台和两台高速摄影机的同步实验,对我国男子跳远运动员踏跳中三维方向上的踏跳力量进行了初步探讨.结果表明:起跳中垂直方向波谷力值和蹄伸力值对跳远成绩影响较大,呈密切的正相关.波谷力值反映运动员起跳腿的支撑能力,摆动环节中积极有力的摆动可获得蹬仲力值;运动员在水平方向上主要受制动作用.运动员的膝关节在垂直支撑时相前,已完成缓冲而转入蹬伸阶段;左右方向踏跳力值波形与运动员所采用的起跳脚有关,它间接反映运动员踝关节力量;支撑反作用力对脚掌的作用点,即"压力中心点",在纵向、横向口均有移动,纵向为脚长的34%-68%;横向为1/2脚掌宽一整个脚掌宽.

In this study, synchronous experiment was conducted with a Kistler 3-D platform made in Swissland and two high speed cameras. 3-D analysis was made on the take-off force of some Chinese male long jumpers. Results indicated that the performance was positively, closely related to the trough force and the drive force in vertical direction. The former may reflect the supporting ability of the take-off leg and the latter can be obtained by forceful movement of the swinging segments. Horizontally, the jumper was mainly subjected to braking effect. Before the phase of vertlcally supporting, the knee joint had finished the buffer process and entered the drive stage. The shape of curves of take-off force in the right and the left was related to the choice of take-off foot, which may indirectly reflect the force of ankle. Locomotion of the point of reaction of supporting on the sole was found in both the vertical and the horizontal direction. The range was from 34 to 68% vertically, betwee half and one width of the sole horizontally.