论赫尔德语言哲学思想的人类学根基

On Anthropological Foundation of Herder's Philosophy of Language

赫尔德是18世纪德国伟大的哲学家、诗人、文学评论家和神学家。他在哲学、语言学、神学、美学和文学等方面都有着独到、精辟和深邃的见解。赫尔德在语言哲学和语言学领域对同时代人以及对后人的影响尤为突出。本文以赫尔德语言哲学思想作为研究对象,通过对赫尔德生平及其作品的分析,挖掘他的人类学思想根基。赫尔德从人类的自主性和历史性两方面出发,用人类语言解决哲学问题。他基于人类学思想的语言哲学对现代语言哲学、语言学、人类学和语言人类学(人类语言学)均起到巨大推动作用。

Johann Gottfried Herder was a great German philosopher, poet, literary critic and theologian in the 18＇h century. He had u- nique, incisive and deep insights in Philosophy, Aesthetics, Linguistics, Theology, Literature and other areas. His interested areas are much broader, and his influence is more profound than people know. His effect on Philosophy of Language and Linguis- tics is especially prominent. Taking Herder＇s philosophy of language as the research object, this paper has unearthed his anthro- pological foundation through an analysis of his life and works. From the autonomy and historicity of human beings, Herder used human language to solve philosophical problems. His philosophy of language, based on anthropological thoughts, has played a huge role in promoting the modem Philosophy of Language, Linguistics, Anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology （ Anthropo- logical Linguistics）.