1900年前后德语文学中的“羞耻的人”——以施尼茨勒为例

The Shame Discourse in German Literature around the Year of 1900——On the Example of Two Literary Texts of Arthur Schnitzler

自从亚当与夏娃偷食智慧果并睁开洞晓善恶与知识的眼睛之后,羞耻便进入人类世界,成为人特有的情感类型。本文采用文化学的研究方法,锁定关键词"羞耻"以探讨1900年前后羞耻与人存在方式之间的关系,梳理其在历史文化语境中的具体形态、机制、演变与功能。在此基础上,以阿图尔·施尼茨勒的两部文学文本为例,研究文学在关于羞耻的话语体系中承担何种角色、发出何种声响以及如何预见并演绎羞耻这一人类情感方式。

Immediately after Adam and Eva had eaten the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, their eyes were opened, and they suddenly felt ashamed of their nakedness. Since then, ＂shame＂ has crept into the human world, and has become a unique emotion of human beings. This essay, by adopting the method of culture study and centering on the keyword ＂shame＂, discusses its relationship with the modes of human beings around the year of 1900, and further elucidates its forms, mechanisms, evolvement and functions in the historicM and cultural context. Based on that, two literary texts of Arthur Sehnitzler are referred to as examples, in an effort to examine what kind of roles literature plays in shame discourse, to what extent it exerts influence on the exposition of shame, and how it predicts the development of such a human emotion.