基于动作的住宅夏季空调开启行为研究

Study on the ON Schedule of Split Air Conditioners in Apartments

鉴于住宅空调运行状况对空调能耗的重要影响,从人员对住宅空调开和关的两个控制动作层面,准确刻画住宅建筑实际的空调行为尤为重要。本研究针对北京城区33户住宅卧室和客厅房间的内38台分体空调,基于房间温、湿度现场测试和人体热感觉、人员作息的问卷调查数据,从居住者对空调开启动作的角度,研究分析住宅夏季的空调开启行为。分析探讨空调开启行为随时间的变化及与当前时刻室内热湿环境的相互关系,进一步从热刺激持续时间对人体热感觉存在影响的角度,引入空调开启率的概念并计算分析各台分体空调开启率随室内空气温度的变化,由此分析发现5类典型的住宅空调开启行为,并对这5类空调开启行为的特征分别进行定量的描述。

Recently the ON / OFF schedule of split air conditioners has become the focus of concern in China due to its importance on household electricity use for space cooling. A field survey has been carried out for 38 split air conditioners in living rooms and bedrooms of 33 apartments in Beijing. Indoor temperature and humidity in these rooms have been recorded every 10 minutes during the summer of 2013,and occupants＇ subjective evaluations of indoor thermal environments during their stay at their apartments were required twice per day. Using the survey data,the variations of the ON schedule of split air conditioners with time and also with indoor thermal environment have been discussed. Considering the accumulation effects of indoor environments on occupants ＇ thermal sensations,operating rate of room air conditioner has been introduced. And five kinds of starting behaviors of split air conditioners have been developed to represent the ON schedule of room air conditioners in apartments.Moreover,characteristic parameters of mathematical models for the five ON schedules have been identified in this research.