办公建筑空调使用行为定义研究

Research on the Definition of Air-conditioning Occupant Behavior in Office Building

空调用能行为是影响空调使用能耗的重要因素之一。如何定义及描述建筑中空调使用行为是准确进行建筑空调能耗模拟、空调系统运行能效分析等工作的重要基础,而不同研究目的通常又需要采用不同的行为参数来进行分析。鉴于此,本文以办公建筑中空调使用行为为对象,针对大样本统计分析、小样本案例研究、以及能耗模拟/节能诊断3种不同的研究目的,分别进行了空调使用行为的定义研究。在大样本统计分析中,鉴于大规模调研过程中数据采集的难度,仅定义了有限的几个参数以描述空调系统的使用时间和空间使用特征。在小样本案例分析中,综合考虑数据收集难度和分析详细程度两者的平衡,对空调使用时间、使用空间、以及设定温度进行了参数定义。对于建筑能耗模拟,针对建筑模拟输入参数的要求,定义了多种子模式,分别描述空调主机、风系统、水系统等各子系统的使用时间、使用空间、设定温度、控制逻辑等方面的运行特性和内在规律。最后,通过一栋办公建筑案例分析,将上述定义用于该案例空调使用模式的量化描述,并对比分析了不同使用模式对空调能耗的影响。针对不同研究目的进行空调使用行为定义,将有助于准确进行建筑空调能效的量化分析。

Occupant behavior is one of the important factors influencing the air-conditioning energy consumption.How to define and describe the occupant behavior is important for the accurate energy consumption simulation and energy efficiency analysis in a building,while different research purposes usually needs to develop different parameters. Thus,taking the air conditioning system in office buildings as the research objects,the article develops three set of the definitions of occupant behavior,to respectively serve three kinds of the purposes,namely largescale statistical analysis,case study and energy consumption simulation / diagnostics. In the statistical analysis,only a few parameters are defined to describe the usage features of in air conditioning systems in time and space,due to the difficulty in the process of data collection in large-scale survey. In case study,in order to balance the data collection difficulty and detail degree in analysis,parameters are defined for the schedule,time / space mode and the set point of air conditioning systems. In building energy consumption simulation,subschemas are defined to describe the characteristics and inherent law of the operation of the air conditioning subsystems,such like heating and cooling resources,fan system,water system,etc. All the definitions expressed as the subschemas are in four categories of schedule,space mode,set point,and control. Finally,the above definitions are used to quantitatively describe the use mode of air conditioners in a case study of an office building,and different energy use amounts of air conditioners caused by different use modes are also simulated. It is very helpful for the quantitative analysis of the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems to develop different sets of the definitions to describe the operation of air conditioning systems for the different research purposes.