近二十年德国史学史研究之新气象

New Phenomena in the Study of the History of German Historiography over the Past Two Decades

近二十年来,德国的史学史研究呈现一些引人注目的新气象。首先,社会文化史的理念促使研究者关注史学思想的社会文化背景、历史学家的日常生活与人际网络。其次,史学理论和知识社会学的视角促使研究者关注历史知识作为一种社会产品的形成过程。再次,对"学术"、"专业"等概念重新加以理解的学科史路径导致了对公众史学、史学机构之结构要素和制度要素的研究。最后,对史学研究之现实性的重视将目光导向了史学与政治、与民族国家、与出版业和大众媒体之间的复杂关系。总之,晚近的德国史学史进行了多元化的批判反思,力求生动地呈现历史学家日常的研究活动,社会化地分析史学知识生产的过程,清晰地勾勒历史学的组织结构,并且更加清醒地认识史学专业的现实处境。

The study of the history of German historiography has shown interesting new phenomena over the past two decades.First,concept of socio-cultural history has impelled historians to pay close attention to social and cultural backgrounds of historical thinking as well as the daily lives and social networks of historians.Second,perspectives from historical theory and sociology of knowledge have promoted the studies on the forming process of historical knowledge as a kind of social product.Third,new academic history that advocated re-understanding the meanings of 'science' and 'profession' has led to the focus on public history and the structural and institutional factors of historical organizations.Finally,emphasis on the reality of history research has aroused the concern for the complicated relationships between history and politics,nation-state,publishing and mass media.In a word,German historians have reconsidered and criticized their discipline from these diverse perspectives.They have examined the research life of historians daily,presented the production of historical knowledge socially,described the organizational structure of the discipline transparently,and reviewed the disciplinary status realistically.