意大利夫妻财产制度的历史发展与现状

The Historical Development and Present Condition of Italian Legal Matrimonial Property Regimes

意大利夫妻财产制度是大陆法系国家夫妻财产制度的一个典型,又独具自己的特色。其中法定财产制度的发展,体现了分别财产制和共同财产制之间的博弈。直到1975年民法改革,意大利才采用婚后所得共同制为法定财产制,同时协议共同制和分别财产制供选择的复合财产制。意大利夫妻财产制度在结构体系上清晰完备;其法定财产制是婚后所得共同制,却带有剩余共同制的元素;分别与共同财产的划分相对合理;并且有司法的适时介入以保障法定财产制度的实施。在从实体到程序的制度设计上,我国的夫妻财产制度还有较长的一段路要走,意大利的法定夫妻财产制度,在很多方面可以为我们提供可资借鉴的经验。

Italian matrimonial property regime is typical in the Roman law system, and has its own characters. The development process of its legal matrimonial property regime is actually a choice between the separated property regime and the community property regime. Italy did not adopt the composite system, with the community after marriage as the legal regime, and the contractual community and the separated property system as the other two choices until the reform of the civil code in 1975. Italian matrimonial property regime has a relatively complete system. The legal community regime is the community after marriage, but with the elements of residual community regime. It has a reasonable division between the personal property and the common property, and the timely judicial interference to ensure the implementation of the regime. Chinese matrimonial property regime still has a long way to go on the system design of the substantive and procedural law. And Italian legal matrimonial property regime is worthy of our learning in many aspects.