量刑规范化改革视野下的量刑基准研究——以完善《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见》规定的量刑步骤为中心

A Study on Sentencing Criterion in the View of Sentencing Standardized Reform:Based on Improving the Sentencing Procedure Stipulated by Sentencing Guideline Proposal

"幅的理论"和"点的理论"是大陆法系刑法学界关于量刑基准的基本理论,二者之间并非不可调和,相反,它们在理论根据、前提、构造和任务四方面具有相同之处。《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见》规定的量刑步骤存在某些不足,应当通过调和上述两种各具特色的理论,以"幅的理论"为起点,以"点的理论"为终点,妥善处理责任刑和预防刑之间的关系,进一步推动量刑规范化改革。具体来说,完善量刑步骤的重点应放在准确确定量刑起点而非基准刑上;在确定量刑起点前,应增设确定具体犯罪构成要件对应的法定刑幅度这一前置程序;在确定量刑起点时,应引入刑事判例指导;在确定量刑起点后,应注意拟宣告刑向最终宣告刑的过渡。

“The theory of extent” and “the theory of point” are basic theories on sentencing criterion in Continent Law System. They are not completely conflicted, on the contrary, both of them have the same foundations, premises, structures and tasks. The sentencing procedure stipulated by Sentencing Guideline Proposal had some deficiencies, so it＇ s necessary to reconcile “the theory of extent” and “the theory of point”, making the former one a starting point and the latter one a terminal point, and to deal with the relationship between penalty for responsibility and penalty for prevention ingeniously so as to further sentencing standardized reform. More specially, the key to improve the sentencing procedure is accurately determining the starting point of sentencing instead of benchmark punishment. Before determining the starting point of sentencing, it should be added to determine the specific criminal elements corresponding to the range of statutory penalty. In determining the starting point of sentencing, the guidance of criminal precedents should be introduced. After determining the starting point of sentencing, the focus is the transition to a final declaration penalty.