文徵明父子与华夏家族交往的新史料——文徵明父子致华夏家族信札研究

Letters from Wen Zhengming and Sons to the Family of Hua Xia

明代中期以来,苏州成为江南地区经济和文化的中心,出现了中国书画史上著名的"吴门画派"与"吴门书派"。而文徵明作为沈周之后"吴门画派"的领袖,同时也是吴门文人的代表和核心,事关他的一切,都将引起研究者们的关注。近年来,身居台湾的无锡荡口华氏家族后裔向无锡博物院捐赠了一批重要的与华氏家族有关的古书画和古籍碑帖等文献资料,其中的行草书册《文徵明父子致华夏家族信札》就是一册新发现的文徵明、文彭、文嘉父子和华夏、华世桢、华泮等华氏家族人物交往的新史料。该信札原为华氏后人经年秘藏,其内容虽非全部关涉书画鉴藏,且多以日常琐屑为主,但这也说明了他们之间的交往不仅仅纯粹建立在对于书画鉴赏收藏的共同爱好上,也建立在紧密的其他利益基础之上。就书法本身而言,文徵明和文彭的书信字体皆为草书,且和二人常见的书风极为相近;而文嘉的字体则为行草,在现存文嘉书画实物中极为少见,略逊于其父兄。

From the mid Ming dynasty onwards, Suzhou （Wumen） became the economic and cultural centre in the Jiangnan region and the birthplace of the famous Wumen school of painting and calligraphy. Wen Zhengming, leading artist of the Wumen school of painting after Shen Zhou, was the core of scholars and artists active in Wumen. Topics about him always interest researchers of today. In recent years, a family in Taiwan, who is descendent of the Hua family native to Dangkou in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, donated a collection of calligraphy, paintings, books and tablet rubbings associated with the Hua family to the Wuxi Museum. Among these donated works there is an album of letters written in running or cursive script by Wen Zhengming and his sons to the family of Hua Xia. Although this album, long in a private collection of descendents of the Hua family, mainly record daily trifles, it is evidence that the relations between Wen and Hua families are not only based on calligraphy and painting but also on other interests. In terms of calligraphy, the cursive scripts by Wen Zhengming and Wen Peng look similar in style; the running-cursive script by Wen Jia is not common in his existing works and is not as skilled as his father and brother.