北伐前关于武力统一的论争

Debate about Unification by Force before the Northern Expedition

北伐前数年,统一已经成为十分迫切的时代需求,国人面临统一模式的艰难抉择。一方面,武力统一因其缺陷而在舆论上饱受反对者的攻击;另一方面,反对武力统一的人士无法回避和平统一方案受武力的阻扰而难以推行等问题。第二次直奉战争后,武力统一的观念逆势而涨。支持者从历史经验和现实环境两方面论证武力统一的必要性,同时试图向国人说明,只要改变政策、调整手段,由军阀主导的武力统一前途依旧光明。但国人对军阀及其武力已经高度不信任,于是,有人提出要以新领袖取代旧军阀,以民众的武力取代军阀的武力,以"主义"来增强组织的号召力、凝聚力。这种关于武力统一须要彻底改弦易辙的观点,逐渐与国共两党国民革命的主张合流。

Years before the Northern Expedition, national unification became an urgent demand. The Chinese public was divided over the way to unification： while opponents strongly criticized ＂unification by force＂ because of its defects, they were unable to neglect problems such as the possibility of peaceful unification being impeded by force. After the Second Zhili-Fengtian War, the situation changed suddenly. Drawing from historical lessons and the status quo, supporters highlighted the necessity of ＂unification by force＂ and tried to convince the people that warlord-led unification by force would become successful if the warlords adopted new policies and measures. Nevertheless, due to lack of public trust in the warlords and their armies, others advocated replacement of warlords with new leaders, warlord armies with people＇s army and the application of ＂principles＂ to enhance the appeal and cohesion of new organizations. The idea that unification by force should be improved thoroughly was similar to the idea of national revolution advocated by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China.