基于功能纳米材料的蛋白激酶活性分析新方法

Novel protein kinase activity assays based on functional nanomaterials

蛋白激酶催化的蛋白质磷酸化是生物体内最普遍、最重要的翻译后修饰形式之一,磷酸化异常通常会引发包括癌症在内的多种疾病.而蛋白激酶作为细胞内信号转导通路的关键组成部分,参与调节细胞生长、代谢、分化及增殖等一系列重要的生理过程.因此发展激酶的高效特异的检测手段,对于生物化学基础研究、临床诊断以及药物开发均具有重要意义.近年来,随着纳米技术研究的逐步深入,越来越多的功能纳米材料被用于蛋白激酶传感器构建.纳米材料由于其优异的光、电、化学以及催化性质,在激酶传感的关键过程中发挥重要作用,被广泛用于信号产生及转化、传感界面构建以及生化信号放大,极大地提高了激酶生化分析的分析效能.本文简要概括了激酶活性分析中常用的分子识别手段和检测原理,进一步就纳米材料在激酶活性分析中的新方法进行了系统综述,并对未来激酶活性分析方法的发展进行了展望.

Protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinase is one of the most ubiquitous and important post-translational modification and aberrant phosphorylation is closely related with a variety of human diseases, especially cancer. As the critical component of intracellular signal pathways, protein kinases are involved in regulating a number of important physiological processes, such as cell growth, metabolism, differentiation, and proliferation. Therefore, developing potent and specific analytical methods of protein kinases are of great significance for biochemical fundamental research, disease diagnosis and treatment, and drug development. In recent years, the growing number of functional nanomaterials have been exploited in the development of protein kinase biosensors. Due to their unique optical, electrical, chemical, and catalytic properties, nanomaterials play crucial roles in several key processes in bio-sensing, such as signal generation and transduction, biosensing interface fabrication, as well as biochemical signal amplification, which greatly improves the analytical performance of kinase biosensors. This paper briefly summarizes the generally used molecular recognition mechanisms of kinase detections, then gives a systematic overview of the nanomaterials-based protein kinases assays classified by the different analytical techniques. Consequently, the future development of protein kinase biosensors is prospected.