摘要
目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者椎板开窗髓核摘除术中应用右美托咪定超前镇痛的效果及安全性。方法选取2012年1月至2014年12月江苏省泰州市人民医院收治的行椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者70例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(23例)、右美托咪定1组(D1组,24例)和有美托咪定2组(D2组。24例)。麻醉诱导前15minD1组持续输注0.5μg/(kg·h)的右美托咪定至手术结束,D2组持续输注0.5μg/(kg·h)的有美托咪定至手术结束后24h,对照组持续输注等量0.9%氯化钠注射液。3组患者手术结束时均给予罗哌卡因行切口局部浸润麻醉。记录麻醉前(T0)、使用罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉时(T1)、拔管即刻(T2)、拔管后5min(T3)、拔管后30min(T4)、拔管后60min(T5)各时点的心率、平均动脉压和脉搏血氧饱和度。拔管后5、30min和6、12、24、48、72h应用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)进行疼痛评分。同时观察各组患者不良反应发生情况。结果对照组T1~T5时点的心率分别为(70±7)、(70±10)、(75±9)、(80±9)、(80±9)次/min,平均动脉压分别为(86±11)、(99±10)、(93±10)、(95±13)、(98±11)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);D1组T1~T5时点的心率分别为(59±6)、(68±8)、(68±8)、(70±8)、(73±7)次/min,平均动脉压分别为(84±10)、(84±9)、(90±12)、(91±12)、(95±11)mmHg;D2组T1~T5时点的心率分别为(59±7)、(65±9)、(62±7)、(63±7)、(69±5)次/min,平均动脉压分别为(83±10)、(85±9)、(88±11)、(89±12)、(93±10)mmHg。D1组和D2组患者在T1~T5时点的心率均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P〈0.05);D2组患者在T3~T5时点的心率均明显低于D1组,差异均有统计学意义(均P〈0.05);D1组和D2组患者在T2时点的平均动脉压均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P〈0.05);3组患者各时点脉搏血氧饱和度比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P〉0.05)。D1组患者在拔管后6和12h的VAS评分明显低于对照组[(2.2±1.0)分比(3.6±1.4)分,(1.9±0.8)分比(4.5±1.0)分],差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);D2组患者在拔管后30min和6、12、24、48h的VAS评分明显低于D1组[(1.8±0.8)分比(2.1±1.1)分、(1.6±0.7)分比(2.2±1.0)分、(1.7±0.7)分比(1.9±0.8)分、(1.3±0.9)分比(2.5±1.1)分、(0.9±0.8)分比(2.1±0.9)分],差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率明显高于D1组和D2组[69.6%(16/23)比33.3%(8/24)、37.5%(9/24)],差异有统计学意义(x^2=7.37,P〈0.05)。对照组主要不良反应为躁动、寒颤和恶心,D2组患者主要不良反应为心动过缓和呼吸抑制,但3组患者均未出现严重并发症。结论有美托咪定持续输注至手术结束后24h联合罗哌卡因切口局部浸润麻醉能够维持腰椎间盘突出症术后血流动力学稳定,减少疼痛,且不良反应少,安全性高。
Objective To investigate the effect and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on preemptive analgesia during limited electric drill disceetomy treating lumbar disc herniation. Methods Seventy patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent limited electric drill diseectomy were randomly divided into control group (23 cases), D1 group (24 cases) and D2 group(24 cases). D1 group was given continuous intravenous infusion of DEX 0.5 μg/( kg · h) till the end of operation; 1)2 group was given continuous intravenous infusion of DEX 0. 5 μg/(kg· h) till 24 h after operation; control group was given continuous intravenous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. The local infiltration around the wound with ropivacaine after operation was performed in all the three groups. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) before anesthesia ( T0 ), at the time of ropivacaine local infiltration ( T1 ), at the time of extubation ( T2 ), 5 min after extubation ( T3 ), 30 min after extubation ( T4 ), and 60 min after extubation ( T5 ) were recorded. The visual analog scales (VAS) 5 min, 30 min, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h,48 h and 72 h after extubation were assessed. The adverse reactions were also observed. Results In control group, the HR was(70 ±7), (70 ± 10), (75 ±9), (80±9), (80 ±9) times/min; the MAP was (86 ± 11 ) , (99 ±10), (93 ± 10) , (95 ± 13), (98 ± 11 ) mmHg at T1-T5 , respectively; in D1 group, the HR was (59 ±6), (68 ±8), (68 ±8) , (70 ±8) , (73 ±7) times/min; the MAP was (84±10), (84 ±9), (90±12), (91 ±12), (95±11) mmHgat T1-T5, respectively; in D2 group, the HR was (59 ±7), (65 ±9), (62 ±7), (63 ±7), (69 ±5) times/min; the MAP was (83 ±10), (85 ±9), (88 ±11 ), (89±12), (93 ±10) mmHg at T1-T5, respectively. Compared with that in control group, the HR was significantly slower at T1 -T5 ( P 〈 0.05 ) , and the MAP was significantly lower at T2 in both D1 and D2 group ( P 〈 0.05) ; the HR in D2 group was significantly slower than that in D1 group at T3-T5. There were no statistically differences regarding SpO2 among the three groups (P 〉 0.05 ). Compared with those in control group, the VAS scores were significantly reduced in D1 group 6 h and 12 h after extubation [ ( 2.2 ±1.0) scores vs ( 3.6 ±1.4) scores ; ( 1.9 ± 0.8 ) scores vs (4.5 ±1.0) scores ] ( P 〈 0.05 ) ; the VAS scores were significantly reduced in D2 group compared with those in D1 group 30 min, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after extubation [ (1. 8 ± 0.8) scoresvs (2.1±1.1) scores, (1.6±0.7) scores vs (2.2±1.0) scores, (1.7±0.7) scores vs (1.9±0.8) scores, (1.3±0.9) scores vs (2.5±1.1) scores, (0.9±0.8) scores vs (2.1±0.9) scores] (P〈 0. 05). In addition, the incidence of adverse reaction in control group was significantly higher than that in D1 and D2 group [69.6% (16/23) vs 33.3% (8/24), 37.5% (9/24) ] (x^2 = 7.37,P 〈 0.05) ; restless, chills and nausea were common in control group and bradycardia and respiratory depression were common in D2 group; no serious complications were observed in three groups. Conclusion Continuous infusion of DEX till the 24 h after the operation as preemptive analgesia combined with wound infiltration with ropivacaine can significantly reduce the postoperative pain and stabilize the hemodynamic, with no serious complications.
出处
《中国医药》
2015年第12期1804-1808,共5页
China Medicine