试论土地经营权租赁合同的完善——基于102个家庭农场的调研

The Improvement of the Lease Contract of Land Management Right:Based on 102 Family Farms Investigation

研究目的:对中国土地经营权租赁合同内容的完善进行具体制度设计。研究方法:采用文献分析法和实证研究法,研究中国土地经营权租赁合同的现状,提出完善建议。研究结果:(1)出租是土地经营权流向家庭农场的主要方式,主要依靠《合同法》中的租赁合同予以规范,已越来越难以满足土地经营权有序流转的需要;(2)土地经营权租赁合同的立法模式选择是进一步完善《农村土地承包法》中的相关法律制度;(3)土地经营权租赁合同的具体制度设计应当以出租人和承租人的权利为主要内容,具体包括:出租人的法定优先权和法定解除权,承租人的减少租金请求权、改善土地或者增设他物的权利以及优先续约权。研究结论:土地经营权租赁合同的完善应当立足于中国新型农业经营主体的培育和发展,符合土地经营权有序流转的需要。

The purpose of this paper is to design the specific legal system of lease contract of land management right. The study has methodologically adopted document analysis, questionnaires survey and empirical research to analyze situation of China＇s lease contract of land management right and put forward the policy recommendations. The results are as follow： 1）Lease is one of the main way for land management right to flow to family farm, which is regulated by the legal system of lease contract in ＂Contract Law＂, but it＇s more and more difficult to meet requirements of orderly transferring land management right. 2）The mode of legislation of lease contract of land management right is to further improve the relevant legal system of ＂Rural Land Contract Law＂. 3）The rights of lessor and lessee should be the main contents of specific provisions in lease contract of land management right. Specifically, lessor has the statutory priority and legal right of cancellation. Lessee has claim of reduce rent, rights of improving land or adding other facilities and priority of renewal. The conclusion is that the improvement of the lease contract of land management right should be based on the cultivation and development of the new agricultural management entity in China, and conform to the orderly transferring land management right.