难加工材料-不锈钢高效车削技术及其刀具研究

Study on the High Efficiency Turning Technology of Difficult-to-Machine Material Stainless Steel and Its Cutter

不锈钢是不锈耐酸钢的简称,因其具有抗空气、抗蒸汽、抗水分以及抗酸等腐蚀的优良特性,被广泛用于航空航天、交通运输、石油化工以及核工业等领域。由于不锈钢中含有Cr、Ni、Ti和Mn等铁族元素,与硬质合金刀片中的Co元素属于同族元素,切削过程中容易产生刀-屑粘结和元素扩散等问题,是典型的难加工材料。首先对不锈钢的材质进行阐述;通过分析不锈钢切削加工特点,明确其难加工的本质原因;从刀具-工件匹配性、刀具结构-切削工况匹配性以及切削参数匹配性等方面进行研究,总结不锈钢高效切削刀具设计原则;最终,提出不锈钢车削专用刀具设计方法,研究数据以期为难加工材料的高效车削提供参考。

The stainless steel is short for the acid-proof steel,which is widely used in areas such as aerospace,transportation,petrochemical and nuclear industry and so on as its excellent anti-corrosion performance of air,steam,water and acid. The problems about the sticking failure between cutter and chip and the element diffusion are easily produced during the cutting process,owning to the existence of the iron family elements in the stainless steel such as Cr,Ni,Ti and M n and so on,which belong to the same group elements with the Co element contained in the cemented carbide inserts. Therefore,the stainless steel is a typical difficult-to-machine material. Firstly,the material of stainless steel was elaborated in this paper. Secondly,the essential reason for cutting stainless steel difficultly was found out by analyzing the characteristics of its being cutting. Then,the design principle of the insert for cutting stainless steel was put forward through researching the respects of cutter and work-piece matching,insert structure and cutting condition matching and cutting parameter matching and so on. Finally,the design method of the special tool for turning stainless steel was proposed. The research data will provide the references for efficient cutting difficult-to-machine material.