门诊心血管病患者血压和血脂现状调查分析

Investigation of blood pressure and blood lipid in cardiology outpatients

目的了解高血压和高脂血症在心血管门诊患者中的分布及血压、血脂控制情况。方法回顾分析武汉大学中南医院2012年10月至2013年4月心血管门诊患者3 608例,对其人口学资料、血压、血脂数据进行统计学分析。结果门诊高血压患病率为52.25%。45.99%接受了药物治疗,血压达标率为33.26%。钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)为最常用的降压药物,占所有抗高血压药物的40.37%,使用CCB患者的血压达标率为48.29%。联合应用两种或两种以上降压药者占13.61%,其血压达标率为50.85%。所有血压未达标人群中,有三种或三种以上心血管病史者占41.42%,单独患有高血压病者占34.56%。门诊高脂血症的患病率为50.78%,30.73%接受了药物治疗。在降脂药使用中,他汀类占90.23%,烟酸、贝特或中药类占9.77%。伴有动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇达标率最低,仅占20.95%。结论门诊高血压、高脂血症患病率较高,达50%以上,而且药物治疗率及血压、血脂达标率较低,越是合并多种疾病的患者达标率越低。

Objective To analyze the distribution of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in cardiology outpa-tients, and the control of blood pressure （BP） and blood lipid. Methods The clinical data of 3 608 outpatients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from Oct. 2012 to Apr. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, including the de-mographic data, BP and blood lipid. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 52.25%, and only 45.99%of hyper-tensive patients received medication, with the BP control rate of 33.26%. Calcium channel blockers （CCB） were the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs （40.37%）, with a BP control rate of 48.29%. 13.61%of hypertensive pa-tients used a combination of two or more antihypertensive drugs and had the highest control rate （50.85%）. The uncon-trolled rate of BP was significantly higher in patients with three or more cardiovascular diseases （41.42%） than pa-tients with hypertension only （34.56%）. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 50.78% and therapeutic rate was 30.73%. 90.23% of hyperlipidemia patients received statins and 9.77% were taking nicotinic acid or Chinese medi-cine. Patients with ASCVD had the lowest control rate of LDL-C （20.95%）. Conclusion These findings indicate that the outpatients have a high morbidity and low control rates of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Patients with more cardiovascular diseases have lower control rate.