始兴烟区旱地烤烟氮素利用及生态经济适宜施氮量

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Eco-economic Suitable Amount of Nitrogen Application on Dry Land Flue-cured Tobacco in Shixing

为解决氮肥施用不合理引起的氮肥利用率低及环境恶化等问题,以烤烟品种K326 为材料,研究了不同施氮水平对烤烟氮素利用率及经济性状的影响.结果表明,适当增施氮肥有利于提高烤烟产量及产值,以195 kg/hm^2（N3）处理产量最高,150 kg/hm^2（N2）处理产值最大.随着施氮水平的增加烤烟的氮肥偏生产力（NPFP）、氮肥吸收利用率（NRE）逐渐减小,烟叶生产效率（NTPE）、氮肥生理利用率（NPE）、氮肥农学利用率（NAE）先增加后减小,施氮水平为150 kg/hm^2（N2）时,NTPE、NPE、NAE 最大,此时烤烟的氮肥利用率最高.通过环境经济学的 Coase 原理和边际收益分析,综合烟叶产量、经济和生态效益,当前始兴烟区旱地烤烟适宜氮肥用量为115.10-162.13 kg/hm^2,相应的产量为2381.42-2677.72kg/hm^2.

In order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers and environmental deterioration caused by irrational application of nitrogen fertilizers, the effects of different nitrogen levels on nitrogen utilization rate and tobacco economic characters were studied using K326 as experimental material. The results showed that proper increase of nitrogen application can increase yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. The yield of N3 treatment(195 kg/hm2) and the output value of N2 treatment(150 kg/hm2) was the highest. The nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP) and nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE) were reduced with increased nitrogen application. The nitrogen tobacco productivity efficiency(NTPE), nitrogen physiological efficiency(NPE) and nitrogen agronomy efficiency(NAE) increased first then decreased, reaching the maximum when nitrogen application rate was 150 kg/hm2(N2 treatment). With the Coase Theory of Environmental Economics and the Marginal Revenue Analysis Theory, the ecological and economic satisfactory amount of nitrogen fertilizer usage on Shixing dry land flue-cured tobacco was 115.10~162.13 kg/hm2, with a yield of 2381.42~2677.72 kg/hm2 under the condition of the current agricultural production technology.