套种大蒜对烟田土壤微生物群落及烟叶品质的影响

Effects of Garlic Intercropping on Soil Microbial Communities and Tobacco Leaf Quality

为探明烟田套种大蒜后土壤微生物群落变化,特别是烟田土壤中烟草根茎病菌的数量及对烟叶内在品质影响,在龙岩烟区开展了套种大蒜对烟田土壤微生物及烟叶品质影响试验。结果表明,烟田套种大蒜能明显减少烟田土壤中细菌、真菌数量,特别是减少烟草青枯菌和黑胫病菌数量,而增加烟田放线菌数量。套种大蒜对烟叶内在化学成分及烟叶评吸质量无明显负面影响。在烟草根茎病严重的局部烟田可通过套种大蒜控制该类病害的发生与危害,从而减少化学农药的使用,提高烟叶安全性,减少环境污染。

In order to study the effects of garlic intercropping on soil microbial communities, including pathogens of tobacco root and stem diseases and tobacco quality, field trials were conducted in Longyan of Fujian in China. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria and fungi decreased in garlic intercropping fields. In particular, the numbers of tobacco pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum E.F.Smith and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were also reduced(betweeen 24.46×104 and 27.67×104 cfu/g or betweeen 29.76×103 and 63.52×103 cfu/g, respectively) in the soil of tobacco fields intercropping with garlic. The number of actinomycete, on ther other hand, was promoted by intercropping with garlic in fields. The quality of tobacco leaves was not affected negatively. The results suggest that the tobacco pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae are inhibited by garlic intercropping. Therefore, we may take advantage of garlic intercropping to control the diseases of tobacco root and stem. With less usage of chemical pesticides, this approach could enhance the safety of tobacco leaves and protect environment.