调水调沙对黄河山东河段水文特性的影响

Influence of Water and Sediment Regulation on Hydrological Characteristics in Shandong Reach of the Yellow River

小浪底水库自2002年首次调水调沙运行以来,至2014年已连续进行13 a调水调沙实践,处于黄河最下游的山东段在调水调沙的作用下,河道形态及水文特性发生了明显变化。实测资料分析表明:2002—2014年,黄河山东段河道主槽明显刷深,河道形态向良性发展,宽深比减小,平滩流量大幅增大,主槽河道输水输沙能力明显增强,未漫滩洪水同流量下水位大幅降低,悬移质泥沙呈粗化趋势。实践表明,调水调沙是黄河山东段河道形态向良性发展、主槽河道输水输沙能力增强的主要因素。

From 2002 to 2014, the water and sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir has already been running for 13 years.Under the influence of this activity, there has been significant change in the river morphology and hydrological characteristics of Shandong section, which is the lower reaches of the Yellow River.This study analyzed the river morphological changes and sediment running characteristics by measured data, proved that the main channel had becoming deeper, river morphology becoming sound development, width-depth ratio decreased, flat beach flow discharge increased greatly, the transport ability of flow and sediment of main channel increased significantly, overbank phenomenon in low flow disappeared, sediment transport capacity of flow increased and sediment grain-size distribution shown a trend of roughening.The practice shows that water and sediment regulation is the main factor of the sound development for the river morphological and the main channel transport capacity.