村庄衰落的诱因及其对农村经济发展的影响——基于重庆市G村的调查

The Incentives for the Decline of Village Community and Its Influence on Rural Economic Development

村庄衰落具备多维表现。村庄衰落形成的主要诱因包括:(1)城镇化与非农产业发展的不协调造成村庄发展主体虚置;(2)农村土地制度变革相对迟缓加剧了村庄衰落的步伐;(3)城乡分割的二元体制阻碍了城乡同步发展;(4)村庄集体经济逐渐瓦解致使村级政府无力扭转村庄凋敝;(5)农村公共服务后续供给乏力阻碍了农业生产资源在村庄的优化配置。村庄衰落使农村经济发展进程放缓,反过来,农村经济发展滞后加速了农民向外迁离频率,进一步加剧村庄衰落进程。基于重庆市G村的案例调查发现:村庄衰落使土地耕作更加粗放,农业持续发展动力不足;农业经营主体缺失致使现代农业发展受阻;村级基层组织的去功能化致使其组织、动员与激励能力下降;村庄基础设施与公共服务供给乏力使农户创业与投资缺乏条件支撑;不断劣化的村庄投资发展环境使非农产业发展遇阻,村庄逐渐步入恶性循环发展轨道。

The decline of village community is seen in many different ways,and the incentives include the following aspects.First,the mismatch between urbanization and the development of non-agricultural industries lead the subjects of rural development to perform practically no function.Second,the slow process of rural land system reform quickens the pace of the decline of the village.Third,urban and rural dual system hindered the synchronous development of urban and rural areas.Fourth,the village committees was unable to reverse the trend of decline because of disintegration of the rural collective economy.In addition,the lack of rural public service in the village leads to invalid configuration of the agricultural resources.The decline of village slows down the process of rural economic development,and in turn,the unenlightened rural economy sped up the process of village decline.