非殖民化时期英帝国暴力机制研究(1945-1964)——以英属撒哈拉以南非洲为例

Violence System in Decolonization of British Empire(1945-1964)

为了应对殖民地民族主义的发展,英国政府建立了中央化的暴力控制体制,新组建了准军事化的警察部队和殖民地警察情报系统,实行"紧急状态"打击激进分子,争取时间培养亲英势力。然而,英国政府用武力解决长期积累的社会矛盾反而弱化了殖民统治的合法性,庞大的军警力量成为它难以承受的负担,这一切都迫使英国政府不得不走向谈判桌。通过分析殖民地警察进而揭示英帝国的属性,"合作者理论"并不适合于非殖民化时期。非殖民化时期充满了暴力强制带来的混乱,英帝国的非殖民化道路并不那么"和平"。

To avoid nationalism diffusion and reinforce Anglophile in post-war Empire,British government organized the central Violence System in the whole Empire,which includes armed police,intelligence,and Emergency to beat radicals.The failure of the Violence System was due to legitimacy crisis and economy burden.British Government had to resort to the peace way.The article argued the fault of Robinson' s Collaborators idea in decolonization through deconstructing the character of colonial police and Empire.The path of decolonization of Empire was full of disorder by colonizer violence rather than peaceful.