高等植物适应盐逆境研究进展

Research advances in higher plant adaptation to salt stress

土壤盐碱化已经成为制约农作物生长及产量的重要因子之一,寻求将盐碱化对植物的危害降低到最小程度的策略势在必行。关于植物对盐逆境适应能力的研究已成为全球关注的热点,如何提高植物的耐盐能力也已成为研究的重中之重。深入探究高等植物适应盐逆境的机制,有助于提高植物耐盐性,增加作物产量和保护生态环境。本文就高等植物适应盐逆境的重点研究进展,综述了盐胁迫对植物的危害;植物耐盐的生理机制,包括渗透调节、营养元素平衡和增强抗氧化胁迫等;植物耐盐相关基因研究进展,包括离子转运蛋白基因、渗透调节相关基因、信号传导相关基因和细胞抗氧化相关基因等;提高植物耐盐性的途径。最后针对今后植物适应盐逆境方面的研究方向进行了展望。

Soil salinity is a serious worldwide problem causing reduction in crop growth and agricultural output potential.Consequently,finding new ways to minimize the adverse effects of soil salinization on agriculture is globally important.Understanding the adaptation mechanisms of higher plants to salt stress is critical for en-hancing salt tolerance and yields of crop plants as well as protecting ecological environments.In this paper,we reviewed the key progresses in salt stress adaptation of higher plants,including the effects of salt stress in plants;physiological mechanism of plant salt tolerance (osmotic adjustment,nutrient balance and the antioxi-dant system);the diversity of genes relevant to salt tolerance (ion transporting protein genes,osmotic regula-tion-related genes,signal transduction-related genes and cellular antioxidant-related genes and so on);and the approaches for crop improvement in salt tolerance.Prospects for developing crop plants tolerant to salinity are also discussed.