孕前体重指数及孕期体重增长与妊娠结局的相关性研究

Study on the Correlation Between Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Weight Gain During Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcome

目的研究孕前体重指数及孕期体重增长与妊娠结局的相关性。方法选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院产前检查并分娩的、资料齐全的足月单胎活产孕产妇800例,按照孕前体重指数分为标准组与超重组,并按照各组孕妇孕期体重增加情况各分为三组,观察各组孕妇妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产、巨大儿及新生儿窒息发生率的情况进行比较。结果超重组孕妇妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病的发病率高于标准组,剖宫产率高于标准组,巨大儿、新生儿窒息发生率大于标准组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;标准组孕妇体重增加〈10 kg、10 kg~、≥15 kg三组妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病的发病率、剖宫产发生率、新生儿窒息发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,体重增加≥15 kg的孕妇巨大儿发生率高于体重增加〈10 kg、10 kg~者,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义;超重组孕妇体重增加〈5 kg、5 kg~、≥15 kg三组各观察指标差异不大,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论孕前体重指数高于正常者妊娠并发症发生率增高,巨大儿、新生儿窒息发生率增加,保持正常的孕前及孕期体重,对改善妊娠结局有积极意义。

Objective To study the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Methods800 term singleton live births pregnant women with complete information were selected from January 2014 to January 2015 in our hospital antenatal and delivery, according to BMI of pregnant women divided into standard group and overweight group, then according to the weight of pregnant women during pregnancy, the pregnant women were divided into three groups, observed the incidence of hypertension, gestational diabetes, diabetes, cesarean section and neonatal asphyxia. Results Overweight pregnant women with gestational hypertension, the incidence of gestational diabetes was higher than the standard group, the cesarean section rate was higher than the standard group, macrosomia, neonatal asphyxia rate was greater than the standard group, the difference was statistically significant（P 0.05）,standard group, weight gain was less than 10 kg,10 kg~,15 kg three groups in gestational hypertension, the incidence of gestational diabetes, cesarean section rate, neonatal asphyxia rate had no statistical difference in the incidence（P 0.05）, weight of macrosomia was 15 kg in pregnant women had a significantly higher incidence of weight gain less than 10 kg and 10 kg~ groups,there was a significant difference（P 0.05）,overweight maternal weight gain was less than 5 kg,5 kg~,15 kg three groups of each observation index difference, no statistical significance（P 0.05）.Conclusion The pregnant women with high pre-pregnancy body mass index pregnancy complications incidence increased, fetal macrosomia, neonatal asphyxia rate increases, maintaining a normal body weight before pregnancy and during pregnancy and to improve the outcome of pregnancy has positive significance.