土地流转与土地制度改革——以晋西北地区为例

Farmland transfer and the reform of land system——A case of Northwestern Shanxi

以晋西北地区农户调查问卷为基础,采用Logistic和Tobit模型对农户土地流转行为及其相应面积的影响因素进行了定量分析,并以此为基础提出了土地制度改革的方向。研究结论如下:1)户主年龄,人均耕地面积,家庭收入,非农收入比重以及是否拥有非农技能是土地流转行为(面积)的重要影响因素。2)现阶段转出土地是由于老龄化,劳动力不足造成的低水平土地流转;转入土地主要是由于农户缺乏非农就业途径而选择扩大耕种,通过提高经济作物种植比重来追求经济效益。3)构建以集体所有、家庭承包、多元化经营为特征的"三权分离"土地制度,以实现公平与效率,农业现代化与农民权益保障的统一。

Based on the data collected from farmers who were randomly selected from villages and towns in Youyu county in Northwestern Shanxi,the Logistic and Tobit models were used to quantitatively analyze the influences of farmers＇ behavior of farmland transfer and its corresponding land area. On this basis the direction of the reform of land system was proposed. The principal conclusions of this analysis are as follows. Firstly,the age of head of the household,the per capital arable land,family income,the proportion of non- agriculture income and non- farm skills influenced the transferring of farmland in and out and its corresponding areas. Secondly,currently transfering land out was low due to the aging and labor shortage in rural areas. Farmers transferring land in and choosing to expand cultivation were mainly because of the lack of non- farm employment pathways. Farmers increased the planting proportion of economic crops to pursue economic. Thirdly,the ＂ separation of three powers＂ land system whose feature was collective ownership,family contracting and diversification should be constructed in order to achieve the unity of fairness and efficiency,modernization of agriculture and protection of rights and interests of farmers.