国际知名考试质量与公平性标准的比较研究与启示

A Comparative Study on the Assessment Standards for Quality and Fairness of Internationally Well-Known Examinations and Enlightenment

托福考试、雅思考试、美国研究生入学考试和美国大学入学考试等国际知名考试之所以得到世界公认,是因其完善的考试质量与公平性标准为其提供质量和公平保障。这些国际知名考试质量标准既注重测试公平,又有测试质量监控机制;提倡信息公开,维护考生权利。而我国现有的考试标准仅关注测试链中某个单一环节的管理,缺乏测试公平性原则和人性化服务;考试信息不够充分、透明,易造成测试结果的误读误用。保证我国教育考试的科学与公平,需要尽快由国家主导制定统一的测试质量与公平性标准;借鉴国际成熟经验,考虑中国国情,"以人为本",增加考试的透明度,保障考试各利益方的权益;对测试开发、命题、实施、成绩解释和使用等诸多环节进行规范和检测,实现以法治考。

The reason-TOEFL,IELTS,ACT and GRE are acknowledged by the world is that these international well-known examinations strictly follow a set of assessment standards for quality and fairness. These standards put testing ethics and quality control at equal measures. They promote test information transparency and protect the right of tests-tak- ers and other stakeholders. In contrast, the present test standards in China, lacking rules protecting fairness and rights of test-takers, only focus on the management of one separate part of the entire test development circle, which results in test information insufficiency as well as misinterpretation and misuse of test results. Therefore, it is imperative to develop na- tional assessment standards for quality and fairness in China. Drawing references from international widely-used assess- ment standards, we also need to consider the specific circumstances of teaching and testing in China. Developing assess- ment standards will help increase test quality, fairness and transparency, and protect the rights of test stakeholders. Setting standards to regulate test development, test administration and test use is a significant step towards administering tests by law.