秦博士伏生事略考

A Study on the Life Deeds of Fu Sheng Who Was a Scholar in Qin Dynasty

伏生为一代儒学宗师,乃今文《尚书》之传授始祖,然其生平史籍载录较略,鲜为世人所知。清代学者陈蜚声曾在《伏乘》一书中考证伏生其人其事,舛误颇多,须详加辨识。其中,陈氏错推晁错受《尚书》之年,致使其考辨伏生生年多有讹误;伏生受《书》于李克之说,陈氏所引诸史料皆不可信,不足为据,故伏生应师从他人。通过考证伏生为秦博士,辨析秦博士官与《尚书》之关联,以探究今文《尚书》缘何得以传世。伏生虽为大儒,然去今已远,史载其事谬误必多,今厘清诸书讹误,还历史以原貌。

Fu Sheng was a great master of Confucianism,and also the earliest person who imparted Shangshu which was written in the classical literary style.Unfortunately,his life deeds have seldom been seen in historical records,leading to the fact that Fu Sheng was hardly known by later generations.Later,Chen Feisheng,a scholar in Qing Dynasty,carried out a textual research on Fu Sheng and his life deeds.However,the research had many mistakes which need to be corrected.Furthermore,Chen Feisheng inferred erroneously the acceptance time of Shangshu by Chaocuo,so that there were a lot of mistakes in his textual research about Fu Sheng＇s birth year.Consequently,all the historical materials quoted by Chen Feisheng to confirm the theory that Fu Sheng accepted Shangshu from Li Ke were all incredible.Therefore,we can draw a conclusion that Fu Sheng was unlikely to study with Li Ke.Through analyzing the correlation of Qin Dynasty＇s scholar and Shangshu,this paper tries to inquiry why Shangshu,a book written in the classical literary style,can be handed down generation after generation.Fu Sheng was a great Confucian scholar,but his living time was far from us,thus there inevitably exist many mistakes in the historical materials about his deeds.Only by differentiating mistakes can we reveal the truth of history.