基于界面管理理论的海关风险管理系统构架研究

Customs Risk Management System Construction Based on Interface Management Theory

海关风险管理系统是国家信用管理体系的重要组成部分。从系统构成主体的角度,把海关风险管理看成一个开放的、复杂的巨型系统,将界面管理理论应用于该系统的框架研究,得出以下结论:海关风险管理系统包括海关——企业和海关——旅客两个横向界面;从风险管理的"过程"属性出发,两个横向界面涵盖了海关风险界面管理的风险识别功能、风险评价功能和风险控制功能,其中,风险识别过程遵循着认识风险→风险分类→识别风险的范式;风险评价过程遵循着业务流程→指标体系→风险评价的范式;风险控制过程遵循着更新系统→风险应急平台→降低风险的范式;从"立体"视角,按照要素维、界面维和过程维的嵌套顺序逐层展开,构建了海关界面管理的三维立体空间;从"平面"视角,基于风险识别→风险评价→风险控制界面管理的闭循环过程,构建了海关风险界面管理的平面框架。

Customs risk management system is an important part of the national credit management system. On the view of the main body, the customs risk management can be taken as an open and complex giant system. The interface management theory is applied in this system. On the basis, the results are shown as following： the customs risk management system includes the customs -enterprise interface and the customs - traveler interface ; from the perspective of process, the two lateral interfaces cover risk identification, risk assessment and risk control, that is to say, the risk identification process follows to understand risk→ to classify risk→ to identify risk; the risk assessment process follows business process→ evaluation index system→ risk assessment; the risk control process follows updating system→ risk contingency platform →risk reduction; from the three - dimensional perspective, according to element, interface and process, the paper constructs the three - dimension space of customs interface management; from the flat perspective, based on the closed process of risk identification→ risk assessment→ risk control, the paper builds the customs risk interface management framework.