HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴儿的体格生长发育状况评价

Assessment of Growth and Development of Infants Born to HIV-Positive Mothers

目的了解安徽省艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性孕产妇所生婴儿,在出生及12月龄内的生长发育状况。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,以安徽省HIV阳性孕产妇所生新生儿队列为暴露组,以宣城市泾县一般孕产妇所生新生儿队列为非暴露组,按照1︰2比例匹配,比较两组婴儿在出生及1、3、6、9、12月龄的生长发育状况。同时将所得的两组儿童的生长发育数据与世界卫生组织(WHO)标准进行比较。结果暴露组共有新生儿189人,接受1、3、6、9和12月龄随访服务的婴儿各为120人、112人、98人、93人和93人。暴露组儿童与WHO标准比较结果显示,仅男婴出生体重和出生身长低于WHO标准(P<0.05),其他月龄男婴和各月龄女婴生长发育情况良好。非暴露组与WHO标准比较结果显示:各月龄儿童身长和体重均优于WHO标准。暴露组与非暴露组婴儿的身长、体重差异集中在6月龄及以前,但两组在各月龄的肥胖、超重、消瘦检出率差异均无统计学意义。结论 HIV阳性孕产妇所生婴儿的体重和身长发育良好;在6月龄前的身长和体重略低于同月龄一般儿童,随后则与一般儿童趋于一致;超重和肥胖比例较高,应引起重视。

Objective To identify the growth status of infants born to HIV-positive mothers.Methods This is a retrospective cohort study.The newborn cohort born to HIV-positive mothers in Anhui province were selected as the exposed group,and the newborn cohort born to HIV-negative mothers in Jingxian county,Anhui were matched2：1as the unexposed group,to compare their growth and development status from birth to the ages of 1,3,6,9,12 months against the WHO standards.Results The exposed group included 189 newborns,120 1-month-old,1123-month-old,98 6-month-old,93 9-month-old and 93 12-month-old infants.Compared with WHO standards,all the indicators of infants at all ages in the exposed group were good,except for the boys＇ mean birth length and weight（P0.05）,and all the indicators of the unexposed group were better.The difference between length and weight of the two groups only existed in the infants of 6-month-old and below.There was no statistically difference between the two groups in terms of detection rates of obesity,overweight and marasmus at all ages.Conclusions The growth of infants born to HIV-positive mothers is good,though the rates of indicators of their length and weight are slightly lower at their six months or below than those of general infants.Their higher rates of obesity and overweight at late ages in infancy need to cause more attention.