摘要
核裂变能转化为电能的过程伴随产生放射性核素,并有大规模向环境释放的风险且后果严重。本文依据核能链放射性的来源及存量扼要分析了核能链的风险特征和各环节相对的风险。福岛核事故灾难性后果的"警示"对发展核电的积极作用在于:促使各国政府提高了发展核电的生态文明意识,推动了核电发展的"安全至上"原则,加强了对小概率高危害事件造成的核安全威胁的重视,推动了全球核安全标准和设计准则升级并获得国际广泛共识。基于中国核电现状,本文分析了核电发展面临的若干问题、困惑及相应对策。
The radioactive nuclides are generated in the process of energy change from nuclear fission to electric. The risk of its releasing to environment in large scale would bring disastrous effect. Based on the source and stock of the radioactivity in the nuclear power link, the article analyzes the character of the risk in the link and relative risk in each part of the link. As long as to the status quo of development of Chinese nuclear power, the article analyzes some problems, dilemma and corresponding countermeasure.
出处
《科学文化评论》
2015年第4期5-26,共22页
Science & Culture Review
关键词
放射性源项
辐射风险
核电安全性
概率安全评价
radioactive source terms, radiation risk, safety of nuclear power plant,Probabilistic Safety Assessment