行政诉讼中“排除合理怀疑”的适用语境和路径

The context and path of application of “beyond any reasonable doubt” in administrative litigation

"排除合理怀疑"不仅是刑事诉讼的证明标准,在行政诉讼中也应当拥有一席之地。长久以来,在"客观真实"的影响下,我国三大诉讼法一体采用的"事实清楚、证据确实充分"标准存在许多问题,行政诉讼应确立包括"排除合理怀疑"在内的多元化证明标准。但是,在我国行政诉讼中确立"排除合理怀疑"的适用标准绝非易事,僵化的"客观真实"、嵌入性司法、行政诉讼的独特负担以及当前行政法治化的方向都为该标准的适用增添了复杂因素。对此,有必要在探索其适用路径的过程中,确立动态开放的结构,并引入保障基本权利和引导行政运作的思维方式。

“Beyond any reasonable doubt” is not only a proof standard in criminal justice, but also getting a place in administrative litigation. Under the inlfuence of “objective truth”, many problems have long existed in the standard of “clear facts, unquestionable and sufifcient evidences”, which is persevered in criminal, civil and administrative lawsuits. Diversiifed standards of proof including “beyond reasonable doubts” should be established in administrative litigation. However, it is not easy to establish the standard to apply “beyond any reasonable doubt” in Chinese administrative litigation. Because rigid “objective truth”, embedded judicature, unique burden of administrative litigation and the current direction of rule of law in administration altogether make it complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a dynamic and open structure and introduce the conception of protecting fundamental rights and channeling the operation of administrative power.