城乡土地权益的对比与实现

Comparison and Realization of the Interests of Urban and Rural Land

权利类型上,集体土地与国有土地是相同的;实际权能上,集体土地与国有土地是不对等的。城乡土地所有权权能的不对等,使得征收权有失公平,农民土地权益受损;农民土地使用权权能的弱化与缺失,加剧了城乡土地权益的差距。平衡城乡土地权益的思路:(1)在新的背景下重新审视制度的公平性与效率性;(2)找出制度失灵、失效的关键所在。建议:(1)设置治理权、所有权、使用权层次权利框架,将征收权与规划、用途管制等一起构成治理权,实现对城乡土地所有权的限制与协调;(2)绕开所有权问题,将细化、显化、强化农民土地使用权权能作为缩小城乡土地权益差距的突破口。

The collective land and state-owned land should be equal in the type of right, while these two types of land is unequal in the actual power. The unequal power between urban and rural land ownership make the right of land expropriation unfair, and it＇s harmful to farmers＇ land rights. The power of farmers＇ land use rights weakens, exacerbating the gap between urban and rural land rights. There＇re some ideas to balance the interests of urban and rural land. First, review the fairness and efficiency of the system in the new context. Second, identify the system failures and the key to failure. Suggestions for further work are as follows. First, set the framework of governance, ownership and tenure rights, and take land expropriation right, planning and use control as governance right in order to restrict and coordinate urban and rural land ownership. Second, bypass the ownership issue, and take the refinement, explication and strengthening of farmers＇ land use rights as method to narrow the gap between urban and rural land rights.