空间碎片激光测距应用研究

Application research on space debris laser ranging

空间碎片的存在使空间环境日益恶化,已影响到空间活动的安全。国际上很多国家开展了空间碎片探测技术的研究,空间碎片激光测距技术成为一种新的探测手段。首先,概述了国内外空间碎片激光测距技术的发展趋势和现状。其次,在成功获得空间碎片激光测距回波的基础上,研究了激光测距数据联合测角数据单站定轨的方法,仿真计算结果表明,该方法的定轨精度优于单纯光学测角数据定轨的精度。最后,提出一种利用空间碎片激光测距误差来初步测定空间碎片尺度的方法,并分别通过地面靶激光测距实验和空间碎片激光测距实验验证了该方法的可行性,为空间碎片尺度测定提供了一种参考依据。

Because of the existence of space debris, the space environment is getting worse, and the space activities safety is affected by space debris. Many countries have developed detection technique for space debris, and the space debris laser ranging is a new technology. Firstly, the development and the status of space debris in the domestic and overseas were summarized in this paper. Secondly, space debris laser ranging echo was received successfully at Yunnan Observatories and the method of orbit determination with laser ranging date and angle date at single station was researched. The results of simulation calculation show that the precision of orbit determination by this method is better than that of by optical angle measurement. Finally, a method of space debris scale preliminary determination using the space debris laser ranging error was provided, and the feasibility of this method was verified by the experiments of ground target laser ranging and space debris laser ranging respectively, and this method is useful for further development of space debris scale determination.