自制气管套管固定装置对气管切开患者颈部皮肤保护作用观察

Application of homemade tracheal casing pipe fixation device in patients with tracheotomy

目的观察自制气管套管固定装置对气管切开患者颈部皮肤的保护作用,探讨用于固定气管套管的可行性。方法60例气管切开患者采用随机数字法分为两组,每组30例。研究组使用自制气管套管固定装置固定气管套管;对照组使用传统棉布带固定。分别于固定后1、2、3周评价两组患者颈部皮损、切口皮损情况,并于第3周评价患者舒适度和家属满意度。结果研究组患者颈部皮损程度明显低于对照组,且皮损出现时间晚于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-5.183、-8.214,均P<0.01);切口皮损程度研究组比对照组明显减轻,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);研究组患者舒适度及家属满意度分别为(7.57±1.01)、(7.77±0.86)分,对照组分别为(5.90±1.16)、(6.03±1.10)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论使用自制的气管套管固定装置,可有效减轻患者颈部及切口皮肤损害,同时提高患者舒适度及家属满意度。

Objective To assess the application of the homemade tracheal casing pipe fixation device in patients with tracheotomy. Methods Sixty patients with tracheotomy were divided into study group and control group randomly. The homemade tracheal casing pipe fixation device was used in study group （n =30） and the traditional cotton belt was used in control group （n = 30）. The neck skin lesions and incision skin lesions were evaluated at 1st, 2ed, and 3rd week after fixation. The comfort level of patients and satisfaction level of families were evaluated at 3rd week after fixation. Results Compared with control group, the cervical skin lesions were significantly less and occurrence was delayed in study group（Z=-5.183, -8.214 respectively, P=0.000）; and the incision skin lesions were also significantly less in study group （P=0.000）. The comfort score of patients and satisfaction score of families in study group were（7.57 ±1.01）, and （7.77 ±0.86） respectively, which were significantly higher than those （5.90 ±1.16 and 6.03 ±1.10） in control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The homemade tracheal casing pipe fixation device can effectively alleviate cervical skin lesions and incision skin lesions, and improve the comfort of patients and satisfaction of families.