现代汉语介词“按”的形成和发展

Formation and Development of Preposition An( 按)in Modern Chinese

现代汉语介词"按"来源于先秦动词"按"。"按"在先秦时期用在连动结构中,东汉时期,一些连动结构中的"按"可以重新分析为介词,介词"按"萌芽显现,魏晋南北朝至隋,"按"的介词用法逐渐成熟,宋代以后介词"按"进入沉寂期,直到清代,介词"按"的使用频率才大幅提高。连动结构是引发动词"按"语法化的句法环境,"按"由本义"用手向下压"经由"查验、考核"义演变为"依据"义。"按"的句法功能变化的机制是重新分析,"按"发生语义演变导致语法意义产生的机制是语用推理。

The preposition An（ 按） comes from the verb An（ 按） in Pre-Qin Period. The verb An（ 按） was used in serial verb construction in Pre-Qin Period; An（ 按） was made a reanalysis in serial verb construction in the Eastern Han Dynasty,the preposition An（ 按） began to appear; From Weijin Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty,the prepositional function of An（ 按） was matured; The prepositional function of An（ 按） entered slow development state in Song Dynasty; The preposition An（ 按） enlarged in Qing Dynasty. Serial verb construction served as the syntactic conditions,originally as a word with the meaning ＂press down with the hand＂,An（ 按） became the functional word which means＂according to＂,through the stage meaning＂inspection＂or＂assessment＂. The mechanism of changing its syntactic function was to make a reanalysis,and the mechanism of semantic evolution was pragmatic inference.