母马生殖损失综合征研究现状及其在中国流行的可能性

Introduction of mare reproductive loss syndrome and its likelihood of existing and occurrence in China

母马生殖损失综合征（MRLS）是指由天幕毛虫相关因素引起的孕马早期胎儿流产（EFL）、晚期胎儿流产（LFL）、纤维素性心包炎（FP）和单侧葡萄膜炎（UU）等综合症状的疾病。2001年,美国首次报道该病,该病的暴发对美国养马业造成了巨大的经济损失。流行病学调查研究表明,母马生殖损失综合征在牧场间的传播与东方天幕毛虫（ETC）有关。其原因可能为：天幕毛虫毒素中毒并发细菌二次感染或天幕毛虫通过胃肠道黏膜进入血液导致菌血症,从而引发母马生殖损失综合征。在中国,天幕毛虫分布广泛,尤其是每年的春夏季节是天幕毛虫大量繁殖的季节。据大量报道表明,中国母马流产多发生在4-6月份天幕毛虫活动频繁的季节,而这些马流产病例中是否存在由天幕毛虫引起的母马生殖损失综合征尚未知。因此,我们对母马生殖流产综合征的流行现状以及临床症状的研究现状做了首次中文综述,希望对国内马流产的临床诊断、流行病学研究有所借鉴。

A mare reproductive loss syndrome（MRLS）is an epidemic diseases with a complicated clinical syndrome of early fetal loss（EFL）,late fetal loss（LFL）,fibrinous pericarditis,and unilateral uveitis.The syndrome was first observed at Lexington Kentucky in 2001.The estimated economic loss of equine industry from the syndrome was approximately $500 million,during its epidemic at Kentucky,southern Ohio,West Virginia,and Tennessee in the USA during 2001and2002.The presences of eastern tent caterpillars（ETC）in pastures was identified to be associated with MRLS based on epidemiologic studies.The underlying mechanism is proposed that an ETCrelated toxin with secondary opportunistic bacterial invasion of the fetus leads to MRLS.The other hypothesize that a breach of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity by hairs of ETC leads to a bacteremia resulting in MRLS.ETC is widely distributed in China.Its active mating season is during spring and summer.Since most mare abortion occurs in 4-6 months as reported in China,it is highly possible that ETC might contribute to the abortion.However,it is unknown whether ETC induced MRLS has attributed to the mare abortion in China.Herein,we introduce the MRLS as alert and reference for clinical veterinarians and equine diseases prevention and control workers.