从19世纪90年代的纽约到20世纪30年代的上海公共租界——城市建设法规对摩天楼的高度控制

From New York in the 1890s to Shanghai International Settlement in the 1930s——Urban Construction Regulations' Control on the Height of Skyscrapers

摩天楼的出现与人类历史发展的都市化进程有着深刻的内在联系,并且它在城市的选址与垂直生长都对城市空间发展与土地利用影响深远。随着19世纪美国都市化进程加快,大批摩天楼的快速建造引发了严重的都市环境问题。文章讨论了从19世纪90年代的纽约至20世纪30年代上海公共租界出台的高度控制法规对摩天楼设计的影响,包括控制法规的出台过程、具体细则以及对摩天楼设计的高度、体量及形态上的影响,在历史的比较中发现上海公共租界在城市建设法规制订过程中向西方的学习,以及在实践中的努力尝试。

The emergence of skyscrapers has profound inner link with urbanization process in the history of human development. The building’s location and vertical growth has a profound inlfuence on the development of urban space and land use. With the acceleration of American urbanization in the 19th century, the rapid construction of a large number of skyscrapers triggered serious urban environmental problems. This paper discusses the effects of height control regulations on the skyscraper design from New York City in the 1890s to the International Settlement in Shanghai in the 1930s, including the enaction process of control regulations, regulation details, and their effects on building height, volume and form of the skyscraper design, meanwhile, the administration of Shanghai International Settlement’s attempts of learning from the west are also presented in the comparison of the history.