明朝英代更迭间京畿边防态势

On Frontier Situation of Jingji Prefecture with Emperor Alternation in Ming Dynasty

有明一代,北部安全尤其是京畿地区的防务一直是政府的主要工作之一,为此历代皇帝都投入大量精力。洪武、永乐时期开始构建卫所,并多次远征塞外,是主动进攻时期。仁宣时期设镇守制度,积极巡边,是积极防御时期。正统间多次主动出击,互有胜负。但土木之变使原有的京畿边防瓦解,景泰时开始倾向于修筑堡垒,固守防线,转为消极被动防御时期。英代更迭时期,明王朝的京畿防御发生了巨大变化,同时奠定了明中后期边防态势。

The security of northern region in Ming dynasty,especially the defense of Jingji Perfecture,was one of the main jobs of the government,and emperors invested a lot of energy on it. Weisuo system was established and several expeditions beyond the Great Wall were launched in the offensive periods of Emperor Hongwu and Emperor Yongye. Guarding system was established and active patrol was carried out on the frontier in the active defensive periods of Emperor Renzong and Emperor Xuanzong. Many active attacks were launched in the period of Emperor Zhengtong,ending in a draw. But the Tumu Coup made the original defense collapse,starting to build fortresses,sticking to defensive line and turning into the passive defense period. Great changes had taken place in the defense of Jingji Perfecture in the periods with emperor alternation of Yingzong and Daizong,laying frontier situation for the middle and late Ming Dynasty.