某三级医院2012年-2014年感染现状调查研究

A study of current status of nosocomial infection in a tertiary-level hospital

目的:了解2012年-2014年某时间段内某医院医院感染的现状和抗菌药物使用情况,为制定预防和控制医院感染的策略提供科学依据。方法:采用床旁调查和查阅病历相结合的方法,调查某院2012年、2013年、2014年的12月10日0:00-24:00期间所有住院病人医院感染和抗菌药物使用情况,采用SPSS13.0进行数据分析。结果:2012年-2014年医院感染现患率依次为2.52%、2.19%、1.74%,例次感染率依次为2.94%、2.37%、2.09%。医院感染现患率排在前5位的科室依次为ICU(33.33%)、血液病科(11.39%)、肛肠外科(10.45%)、神经外一科(10.00%)、康复医学科(8.33%)。医院感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占34.62%。共检出医院感染病原菌56株,3年抗菌药物使用率分别为41.87%、34.61%、30.00%。结论:2012年-2014年某院医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用率有逐年下降的趋势,应加强医院感染的预防控制,进一步降低医院感染发生率。

Objectives： To understand and master the situation of hospital infection from 2012 to 2014 so as to provide scientific evidence for taking prevention and control measures of hospital infection. Methods： By means of bedside investigation combined with reviewing hospital medical records, a total of 3256 patients who were hospitalized on December 10,0：00-24：00 from 2012 to 2014 were investigated. Results： The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections from 2012 to 2014 were 2.52%,2.19%,1.74% and the case-time infection rates were 2.94%,2.37%,2.09%.The top five departments are ICU（33.33%）, followed by the hematology department（11.39%）, anorectal surgery（10.45%）, neurosurgery（10.00%）,and the department of rehabilitation（8.33%）. The lower respiratory tract was predominant infection site, accounting for 34.62%. During the three years, totally 56 strains of pathogens causing the infections have been isolated and the utilization rates of antibiotics were 41.87%, 34.61%, 30.00%. Conclusions： The prevalence rates and the utilization rates of antibiotics were decreasing year by year. Prevention and control measures of hospital infection should be strengthened so as to further reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.