现代主义、现代性与建筑 若干历史性与批判性反思

Modernism,Modernity,and Architecture A Few Historical and Critical Reflections

文章探讨了一战后"现代主义"一词在建筑学中的使用,试图阐明该词的起源并强调"现代"建筑早期观点的地域特性和多元性。文章指出,现代建筑的词汇在使用上的转变,从"新建筑"和"现代运动"等措辞到单一术语"现代主义",反映出现代建筑从一场致力于特定的价值观与愿望的活生生的运动到一种既定的风格和一个过去了的文化时期的演变。文章还指出,"现代主义"一词日益频繁的使用与20世纪70年代和80年代后现代主义的出现以及艺术评论和文化理论对建筑学写作日益增加的影响有关。文章在结论部分反思了近期(学界里)挑战"现代主义"这一术语内含的普遍主义的诸种尝试,包括建筑史学家和评论家使用"现代性"一词代替"现代主义"。对"现代性"一词不断增长的偏好,可在一定程度上视作拓展现代建筑地理边界及探索现代化过程中的文化多样性。

This paper explores the history of the use of the word ＂modernism＂ in architecture since World War I in an effort to clarify its origins and to emphasize the local specificity and plurality of earlier views of ＂modern＂ architecture. It proposes that the shift in vocabulary used to describe modern architecture from phrases such as ＂NeuesBauen＂, ＂NieuweBouwen＂ and ＂Modern Movement＂ to the single term ＂modernism＂ reflects an evolution in modern architecture from a living movement committed to specific values and aspirations to a codified style and cultural period of the past; it shows that the increasing use of the word ＂modernism＂ can be linked to the emergence of postmodernism in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as to the growing influence of art criticism and culturaltheory on architecture writing, The paper concludes with some reflections about recent efforts to challenge the implicit universalism of the term ＂modernism,＂ including the use of the word ＂modernity＂ instead of ＂modernism＂ by architecture historians and critics. The increasing preference for the word ＂modernity＂ can be seen as part of an attempt to extend the geographical boundaries of modern architecture and to explore the diversity of cultural responses to processes of modernization.