论北极地区法律治理的框架建构与中国参与

On the Legal Framework of Governance in the Arctic and China's Role

自俄罗斯2007年"北冰洋底插旗行动"以来,北极各方的矛盾与争端迅速激化。在既有解决方案中,完善《联合国海洋法公约》和制定"北极条约"是法律制度构建最合理的方案,但又都存在不足。北极国家普遍希望北极地区的大陆架划界问题能长期局限于北极国家内部,通过构建一套闭锁性的北极区域法制架构并片面援引《公约》第76条中对己有利的划界规则来最大限度地瓜分北极,确保其在北极地区的绝对主导地位。非北极国家则希望北极问题国际化,力图通过修订《公约》、制订专门化的"北极条约"等方式,来限制北极国家庞大的利益诉求。为此,中国需要积极参与北极地区法律制度构建,以充分融入北极地区,增强在北极事务上的话语权。

Discords have resurfaced and tensions grown since a Russian flag was planted on the Arctic seabed in 2007. The conventional wisdom believes that improvements on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the adoption of an Arctic Treaty would constitute a practical legal framework for governance in the Arctic. But there still remain serious challenges. The Arctic states try to confine the issues on the delimitation of outer limits of continental shelves within their own jurisdiction by constructing a closed Arctic legal framework and partially borrowing self-interested provisions in Article 76 of UNCLOS to carve up the Arctic to the largest extent. Non-Arctic countries, on the other hand, expect the Arctic issues to be an international issue. They strive to amend the UNCLOS, adjust related competences of CLCS, andestablish specific conventions for the Arctic area and polar region to restrict Arctic countries from making use of UNCLOS to claim large interests intentionally. Therefore, China should actively engage in Arctic legal framework construction and integrate its own Arctic interests with those of other Arctic stakeholders to obtain a greater say in Arctic affairs.