穴盘苗取投苗装置的设计与试验

Design and test of the picking and dropping plug seeding device

设计了一个将蔬菜和烟草幼嫩脆弱型穴盘苗取出并投送至指定位置的机构,该机构包含定位输送装置与取投苗装置。在穴盘输送台上对生长至3~4片真叶的烟草穴盘苗进行取投苗试验,以伤苗率、取苗成功率、投苗成功率为评价指标,对取苗机构的电机转速、苗夹安装高度、机械手指的插入角度等进行了单因素试验与多因素正交试验。单因素试验结果表明,取苗机构的电机转速为120 r/min时,伤苗率为1.5%,取苗成功率为92.5%,投苗成功率为93.12%;苗夹的安装高度为90 mm时,伤苗率为1.32%,取苗成功率为91.2%,投苗成功率为94.45%;机械手指的插入角度为7°时,伤苗率为1.28%,取苗成功率为93.35%,投苗成功率93.1%。正交试验结果表明,取苗机构的电机转速为120 r/min,苗夹的安装高度为90 mm,取苗爪的插入角度为7°时,为最优组合,伤苗率为1.8%,取苗成功率为94%,投苗成功率为96.9%。

A device was designed to pick and drop the plug seeding of vegetable and tobacco, which consist of a translating mechanism and a picking and dropping mechanism. The plug seeding with 3 or 4 main leaves was used to test the performance of the device. The single factor test and orthogonal test was done to test the damage rate, the successful picking and dropping rate, dependent on the speed of picking seedlings, the mounting height of seedling clamp, and the insertion angle of seedling claw. The single factor test results show that when the speed of picking seedling was 120 r/min, the damage rate was 1.5%, the successful picking rate was 92.5%, and the successful dropping rate was 93.12%. As the mounting height of seedling clamp was 90 ram, the damage rate was 1.32%, the successful picking rate was 91.2%, and the successful dropping rate was 94.45%. When the insertion angle of seedling claw was 7° the damage rate was 1.28%, the successful picking rate was 93.35%, and the successful dropping rate was 93.31%. Orthogonal experiment results show that the device has the best performance with the damage rate of 1.28%, the successful picking rate of 93.35%, and the successful dropping rate of 93.31%, when operating under the picking seedling speed of 120 r/min, the seedling clamp mounting height of 90 ram, and the seedling claw insertion angle of 7°.