论汉日敬语表敬程度系统的差异性

A systematic analysis of the implications of Chinese and Japanese honorifics

文章分别针对汉语敬语系统中的指称性敬谦辞、表敬礼貌用语的表敬程度,以及日语敬语系统中的尊敬语、谦让语Ⅰ、谦让语Ⅱ、郑重语、美化语的表敬程度展开了系统性分析。并总结和归纳汉日敬语在使用意识方面的对应性特征:日语中为区别上下使用的习惯敬语、对非亲近者使用的敬语和恩惠者使用的敬语,而汉语中可以用相应的谦恭性表敬礼貌用语表达敬意;日语中用于自己的敬语(亲切、谐谑的敬语),而汉语中可以用相应的亲密性表敬用语表达敬意;日语中为保持教养使用的敬语,而汉语中可以用相应的高雅性表敬礼貌用语表达敬意。研究成果将为中国学生学习日语敬语和日本学生学习汉语敬语提供有意义的参考。

This paper compares the different honorific systems in Chinese and Japanese, such as different usages for showing different degrees of respect and politeness in different situations. Based on the comparative analysis, this paper discusses the correspondence between these two languages in terms of honorifics. For instance,when talking to people of a higher status or strangers, or in the situation of being self-modest, the Japanese people usually employ some honorifics to show their respect while the Chinese people may say in a similar way. The findings of this research may help students from these two countries to learn honorifics better from each other.