辜鸿铭与日本武士道——错寄东瀛的文化理想

Gu Hongming and Japanese Bushido——the Humanistic Ideas Depended on Japan

近代中国著名的文化保守主义学者辜鸿铭对日本武士道表现出极大的兴趣。早年辜鸿铭认为武士道即为军人道德,与西方的骑士精神或者中国的"尚义"一样代表了崇高的道德精神。一战期间辜鸿铭从宗教性视野出发,对武士道表现出的狂热与躁动进行反思,并且塑造出拥有"殉难风纪"的理想武士道形象。晚年辜鸿铭应日本大东文化协会之邀赴日本讲学,他通过中日文化的同源性,将武士道视为源于古代中国、发扬于近代日本的东方精神的象征。他希望日本坚持自己的"日本精神"与西方抗衡,并且承担起复兴东方文明的责任,然而这一论说在第二次世界大战中被日本以建设"大东亚文化"为名进行侵华时所利用。

Gu Hongming, the famous cultural conservatism, scholar in modern China, showed great interests in Japanese Bushido. In the early days, Gu Hongming believed that Bushido was military virtue, which represented a lofty moral spirit like western chivalry or ＂upholding righteous＂ in China. During World War I, Gu Hongming tried to rethink the fanaticism and dysphoria of Bushido from a religious perspective, and why they created an image of ideal Bushido having martyrdom conduct and discipline. In his late years, Gu Hongming was invited to give a lecture in Japan by Japanese Daito Bunka Association. Chinese culture and Japanese culture share the same source, so he took Bushido as an oriental spirit which came from ancient China and developed in Japan. He hoped that Japan would keep its Japanese spirit to compete with western culture and take the responsibility of oriental civilization＇s revival. But his opinion was used as an excuse to invade China under the mask of ＂Greater East Asian culture＂ during World War II.