巷道底板锚杆(索)高效施工装置研制及应用

The research and application on high-efficiency construction equipment of roadway's floor bolt and cable

针对巷道底板锚网索施工中存在的难以成孔、容易夹钎、锚固效果差等技术问题,采用现场调查分析方法,分析其原因:由底板表面到孔内一定范围内的孔壁多为松散状小岩块,由于钻杆与岩块之间的摩擦作用和钻机晃动作用,将细碎岩块带入钻杆与孔壁之间的空隙;拔出钻杆后,粒径更小的岩块失稳塌落堵孔;岩屑与水混合形成糊状浆液,钻头表面形成一定厚度浆液层,降低钻头切削效果;孔底的细碎岩块阻碍锚杆(索)均匀搅拌锚固剂,减小锚杆与锚固剂的有效接触面积;孔底浆液中的水降低锚固剂中合成树脂和固化剂的浓度,减慢反应时间;岩屑分子分布锚杆(索)与围岩形成的锚固体中,降低锚固性能。为此,提出了一种提高巷道底板锚杆(索)成孔效率和锚固性能的装置,从其结构形式和工作特性进行了现场试验分析。试验结果表明:利用该装置进行钻孔、安装锚杆(索)时,专用钻杆一直留在钻孔中,可有效防止钻孔浅部一定范围内细碎岩块塌落堵孔,缩短锚杆(索)成孔时间和安装时间,成孔率达到100%,锚杆(索)一次性锚固成功率达到95%以上,施工效率显著提高。

In response to the drilling difficulty and bad anchoring effect in the construction processing of roadway floor bolt-mesh-cable, field investigation has been adopted to analyze the reason. The result shows that ranging from floor surface to some depth in the drilling is mainly broken bits rock, which is entangled in interspace between drilling pipe and hole＇s wall by friction of drilling pipe and waggle of drilling machine; the smaller rock block is unstable and caving after drilling pipe have been pulled out. There is some thickness pasty slurry in the surface of drill for reducing the cutting effect which is mixed by rock debris and water. The broken bits rock is hindering evenly stirring anchoring agent by bolt and cable, decreasing the effective contact area of bolt and anchoring agent. The concentration of synthetic resin and curing agent is reduced by water of slurry, and slowing reaction time. Decreasing the property of anchoring agent by rock debris which is located in the anchor solid between bolt and surrounding rock. Therefore, the device to improve the drilling＇s efficiency and anchoring effect of roadway floor bolt and cable has been put forward. The results of studying its structure form and working characteristics by field experiment show that： the device where special drilling pipe is staying in the drilling can efficiently prevent drilling collapsing within the scope of roadway floor some depth. The time of drilling and installing the bolt or cable is shortened, and the success rate of drilling and one-time anchoring can reach up to 100% and over 95%. Therefore, the construction efficiency will increase obviously.