当代语言修辞学批评的建构——以布斯的小说修辞学研究为切入点

On the Construction of Contemporary Linguistic Rhetoric Criticism:From the perspective of Booth's Rhetoric of fiction

中西方文学理论似乎面临一种同样的困境,那就是难以把文学活动中世界、作者、作品、读者四个要素同时纳入视野之中。20世纪西方伴随着语言学转向兴起的现代修辞学理论对修辞行为整体的研究,为突破这种困境提供了某种可能。受现代修辞学理论影响的布斯的小说修辞学研究,作为诗学与修辞学研究相结合的杰出成果,开启了一种把文学作为作者与读者之间的语言交际活动,并对四要素进行四元通观的文学批评和文学研究的修辞学范式。以此为基础,再融合借鉴其他理论,则有望建构一种新的能够同时把作者的表层意图和无意识动机、文本的结构形式和修辞选择、作品的审美效果和社会意识形态功能、文本生成和接受的世界和文化语境同时纳入视野的"语言修辞学批评"。

Both Chinese and western literary theory seem to face the same predicament,that is,despite all the literary acts including four elements,the world,author,work,and the reader,there is almostnotany kind of literary critical theory which can bring the four key elements together. Modern western rhetoric theory springing up along with the linguistic turn in the 20 th century provides some possibilities for breaking through this plight. Booth＇s Rhetoric of Fiction influenced by the theory of modern rhetoric,as the outstanding achievements combining poetics with rhetoric studies,opens up a kind of new rhetoric paradigm of literary criticism.It considersliterature as the acts of language communication between readers and authors,and brings the work,author,reader,and the world together. Based on the rhetoric framework and drawing some beneficial things from other theories,we can develop a new kind of linguistic rhetoric criticism.Itbringsthe author＇s intention and unconscious motivation,the structure of the text and the rhetorical choice,the aesthetic effect and function of social ideology,the world and the cultural context of text generating and acceptance into one inclusive horizon simultaneously.